There are many English words of non-Romance origin where ⟨ g ⟩ is hard though followed by ⟨ e ⟩ or ⟨ i ⟩ (e.g.
In words of Romance origin, ⟨ g ⟩ is mainly soft before ⟨ e ⟩ (including the digraphs ⟨ ae ⟩ and ⟨ oe ⟩), ⟨ i ⟩, and ⟨ y ⟩ and hard otherwise. a voiced palato-alveolar sibilant ( /ʒ/) in some words of French origin, such as rouge, beige and genre.a voiced palato-alveolar affricate ( /dʒ/ or "soft" ⟨ g ⟩), generally before ⟨ i ⟩ or ⟨ e ⟩, as in giant, ginger and geology or.a voiced velar plosive ( /ɡ/ or "hard" ⟨ g ⟩), as in goose, gargoyle and game.In English, the letter appears either alone or in some digraphs. The 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association recommends using for advanced voiced velar plosives (denoted by Latin small letter script G) and for regular ones where the two are contrasted, but this suggestion was never accepted by phoneticians in general, and today ' ' is the symbol used in the International Phonetic Alphabet, with ' ' acknowledged as an acceptable variant and more often used in printed materials. Generally, the two forms are complementary, but occasionally the difference has been exploited to provide contrast. In the double-story version, a small top stroke in the upper-right, often terminating in an orb shape, is called an "ear". The double-story version became popular when printing switched to " Roman type" because the tail was effectively shorter, making it possible to put more lines on a page. The initial extension to the left was absorbed into the upper closed bowl. The double-story form ( g) had developed similarly, except that some ornate forms then extended the tail back to the right, and to the left again, forming a closed bowl or loop.
The single-story form derives from the majuscule (uppercase) form by raising the serif that distinguishes it from 'c' to the top of the loop, thus closing the loop, and extending the vertical stroke downward and to the left. The modern lowercase 'g' has two typographic variants: the single-story (sometimes opentail) ' ' and the double-story (sometimes looptail) ' '. Typographic variants include a double-story and single-story g. Because of French influence, English orthography shares this feature. Įventually, both velar consonants /k/ and /ɡ/ developed palatalized allophones before front vowels consequently in today's Romance languages, ⟨ c ⟩ and ⟨ g ⟩ have different sound values depending on context (known as hard and soft C and hard and soft G). He suggests that the pronunciation /k/ > /ɡ/ was due to contamination from the also similar-looking 'K'. Zeta took shapes like ⊏ in some of the Old Italic scripts the development of the monumental form 'G' from this shape would be exactly parallel to the development of 'C' from gamma. Hempl (1899) proposes that there never was such a "space" in the alphabet and that in fact 'G' was a direct descendant of zeta. Sampson (1985) suggests that: "Evidently the order of the alphabet was felt to be such a concrete thing that a new letter could be added in the middle only if a 'space' was created by the dropping of an old letter."
According to some records, the original seventh letter, 'Z', had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat earlier in the 3rd century BC by the Roman censor Appius Claudius, who found it distasteful and foreign.
Ruga's positioning of 'G' shows that alphabetic order related to the letters' values as Greek numerals was a concern even in the 3rd century BC. At this time, ' K' had fallen out of favor, and 'C', which had formerly represented both /ɡ/ and /k/ before open vowels, had come to express /k/ in all environments. The recorded originator of 'G' is freedman Spurius Carvilius Ruga, the first Roman to open a fee-paying school, who taught around 230 BC. The letter 'G' was introduced in the Old Latin period as a variant of ' C' to distinguish voiced /ɡ/ from voiceless /k/.
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G ( named gee / ˈ dʒ iː/) is the 7th letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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